dallas morning news v tatum oyez

Posted on 14 april 2023 by alpaca green beans recipe

denied), further supports this conclusion. I think the need to know is wired deeply in us. Plaintiffs sued Defendant for intentional infliction of emotional distress (IIED), claiming that Defendant exploited the tragedy of their son's death by encouraging the criticism of their son's obituary. Arbitration & Mediation But because the accusation was an opinion, the trial court properly granted summary judgment in favor of Petitioners. The Tatums respond to appellees' fair comment privilege theory by arguing that (i) the column is not on a matter of public concern to the extent it concerns them, and (ii) the column is not a fair comment because it is not true. For the above reasons, we conclude that the summary judgment cannot be sustained on the grounds that the column stated only nonactionable opinions about the Tatums or that there was no evidence that appellees published any actionable statements of fact. In their second appellate issue, the Tatums contend that the trial court erred by granting summary judgment on their DTPA claims against DMN. See Gilbert Tex. Did appellees conclusively prove the fair comment privilege? Supreme Court of Texas. The plaintiff must also prove damages unless the defamatory statements are defamatory per se. But the Tatums adduced evidence of more than a mere negligent investigation. Bentley, 94 S.W.3d at 591; see also N.Y. Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, 27980 (1964). denied) (objection that opinions are speculative can be raised for the first time on appeal). Neely, 418 S.W.3d at 66 n.12 (the distinctions among the varying burdens of proof as to truth or falsity are less material at summary judgment). 73.002(b)(1)(B), and (ii) a reasonable and fair comment on or criticism of a matter of public concern published for general information, id. at 60. Accordingly, Gacek and Scholz are not on point. Grief Support. Star-Telegram (Fort Worth) The Newspaper distributed in Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex counties of Collin, Dallas, Delta, Denton, Ellis, Hunt, Johnson, Kaufman, Parker, Rockwall, Tarrant, and Wise. Appellees' contrary argument fails on the first prong we referenced abovethe existence of a public controversy for the Tatums to participate in. Neely, 418 S.W.3d at 63. Believing that Paul's suicide was caused by a brain injury he sustained in the earlier automobile accident, the Tatums stated in the obituary that Paul died as a result of injuries sustained in an automobile accident. The obituary was published on May 21, 2010. We agree with the Tatums. The Tatums son shot himself hours after he was involved in a serious car crash in 2010, according to court records. 3. O. The 2010 column, Shrouding suicide leaves its danger unaddressed, urged the public to talk more openly about suicide. 73.002(b)(1)(B). John Tatum and Mary Ann Tatum, Appellants v. The Dallas Morning News, Inc. and Steve Blow, Appellees. at 1020. See Pickens v. Cordia, 433 S.W.3d 179, 185 (Tex.App.Dallas 2014, no pet.) That appeal is also being decided today, John Tatum and Mary Ann Tatum v. Julie Hersh, No. Blow's controversial practice of attacking obituaries. In their affidavits, both Tatums said that they would not have published the obituary as worded if they had known that DMN had someone on staff who had a history of criticizing obituaries like Steve Blow.. The Court issued an opinion resolving the case on May 11, 2018. A publication is substantially true if, in the average reader's mind, the allegedly defamatory statement is not more damaging to the plaintiff's reputation than a truthful statement would have been. Do you think that might be important for parents to understand? Paul died from a gunshot wound to the head. 4. Commercial Record Daily Business newspaper published in Dallas, Texas. Finally, appellees cite West v. Thomson Newspapers, 872 P.2d 999 (Utah 1994). Whether a publication is capable of a defamatory meaning is initially a question for the court. The summary judgment evidence included a copy of the printed version of the newspaper column that prompted this suit. 203 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5137B43803F1ED67129ECA0B47F79974>]/Index[186 34]/Info 185 0 R/Length 86/Prev 175724/Root 187 0 R/Size 220/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Blow explained that he acted differently in investigating this column because he had been told that Paul's family did not want to discuss the matter. I understand why people don't include it, she told me. We conclude that summary judgment was proper as to the Tatums' DTPA claims but not as to their libel claims. In our analysis of this question, we focus on DMN's second no-evidence ground and particularly the first requirement of 17.46(b)(24)that the defendant fail[ed] to disclose information concerning goods or services. Id. Unlike the current trend of local news being acquired by private equity firms and national chains, we have been a family-controlled company for over 135 years. Fifth District of Texas at Dallas . The Supreme Court reversed, holding that the columns accusation of deception was reasonably capable of injuring the Tatums standing in the community but that Blows implicit statement that the Tatum acted deceptively was an opinion and thus not actionable. Milkovich lost on summary judgment and appealed all the way to the Supreme Court. DMN also asserted the following no-evidence grounds: There was no evidence that the Tatums were consumers. 051400566CV, 2015 WL 1138258 (Tex.App.Dallas Mar. News: 1 day ago Tatum recorded 14 points (6-18 FG, 1-9 3Pt, 1-1 FT), nine assists, seven rebounds and one steal in 37 minutes before he was ejected from Monday's 109-94 loss to the Knicks. Thus, they must prove only negligence to recover compensatory damages. But in late 2015, the 5th District Court of Appeals ruled that the lawsuit could go forward. The test here is whether the defamatory statement is verifiable as false. Antitrust They argue that the column is literally true because all its individual factual statements regarding the Tatums are true. Id. Bankruptcy Listen, the last thing I want to do is put guilt on the family of suicide victims. See Neely, 418 S.W.3d at 72. After West's election, Thomson ran columns asserting that before the election West had opposed a proposal that the town should purchase a municipal power system, but that he changed his position after he was elected. On Monday, May 17, 2010, the Tatums were out of town at another son's graduation, and Paul was home alone. ERISA We are not persuaded by appellees' characterization of the column as nonactionable rhetorical hyperbole. Tobacco Co. v. Grinnell, 951 S.W.2d 420, 425 (Tex.1997). Justice Brown delivered the unanimous . See Neely, 418 S.W.3d at 63. Applicable Law and Summary Judgment Grounds. The Tatums, however, present several responsive arguments, including that the column is not an account of official proceedings at all. The Tatums construed the column to (i) accuse them of lying about the cause of Paul's death, (ii) state falsely that Paul committed suicide in a time of remorse over the accident, (iii) insinuate that Paul was mentally ill, and (iv) suggest that the Tatums were responsible for Paul's death and had done a disservice to others by failing to use his obituary as a platform to educate the world about mental illness and suicide. at 62 (In this defamation suit involving two physicians, we clarify a longstanding distinction between defamation and defamation per se). Juvenile Law Id. We're nearly obsessed with crime. Moreover, a public figure must prove actual malice by clear and convincing evidence. Based on their view of the column's gist, appellees next argue that the cause of Paul's suicide and the Tatums' belief about that cause are irrelevant to the issue of truth. Submit an Obituary. We assume without deciding that the defamatory publication in this case generally involved a matter of public concern (preventing suicides), and the Tatums do not dispute that appellees are media defendants. "Walking along side you" | 24 Hour Line: 086 111 1380 | Essential Service provider, available to families during COVID 19 LOCK DOWN But averting our eyes from the reality of suicide only puts more lives at risk. Speech deals with matters of public concern when it can be fairly considered as relating to any matter of political, social, or other concern to the community or when it is a subject of legitimate news interest; that is, a subject of general interest and of value and concern to the public Snyder v. Phelps, 562 U.S. 443, 453 (2011) (internal quotations and citations omitted). Daily resource for best restaurants in Dallas, recommendations for things to do, local news and commentary on life in Dallas. We are unpersuaded. Haynes is distinguishable. Id. A reasonable juror could conclude that a hypothetically true column would have been less damaging to the Tatums' reputation because it would have mentioned that the Tatums claimed to have written the obituary in a good faith belief in its truth and without an intent to deceive. We disagree. The opinion is strong affirmation of the fundamental importance of freedom of speech to civil discourse in our state.". Appellees negated actual malice, defeating the Tatums' libel claims entirely if they are limited-purpose public figures and defeating their exemplary damage claims if they are private figures. And the secrecy surrounding suicide leaves us greatly underestimating the danger there. Redirecting to https://www.si.com/nfl/cowboys/news/dallas-cowboys-cut-move-dallas-cowboys-reveal-tyron-smith-contract-plan-change On appeal, the Tatums argue that they (i) are required to prove only negligence because they are not public figures and (ii) produced sufficient evidence of both actual malice and negligence. In his affidavit, Blow said that he wrote the column to express his opinion that it is troubling that society allows suicide to remain cloaked in secrecy and deception, and that secrecy about suicide leaves us greatly underestimating the danger of it. He also testified by deposition that if he discovered a deception, a misleading obituary, that's fair game for commentary. Additionally, Julie Hersh testified by deposition that she met with Blow before he published the column and that they were both outraged by the lack of discussion about suicide. To the extent a negligence standard applies, there was no evidence of negligence. We long ago stated that it is the settled law of Texas, that a false statement of fact concerning a public officer, even if made in a discussion of matters of public concern, is not privileged as fair comment.. We review the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmovant, crediting evidence favorable to that party if reasonable jurors could and disregarding contrary evidence unless reasonable jurors could not. 051401318CV. 13, 2015, pet. Founded in 1885, The Dallas Morning is North Texas' largest news team. Id. Employment Law Business Law Turner, 38 S.W.3d at 114. Morning News, Inc., 493 S.W.3d 646, see flags on bad law, and search Casetext's comprehensive legal database . Are the column's statements about the Tatums nonactionable opinions? The trial court granted appellees' amended summary judgment motion, and the Tatums timely filed a notice of appeal. court opinions. Id. She has since written a book, Struck by Living. Under Supreme Court precedents, a defamation plaintiff must prove that the defendant acted with actual malice if the plaintiff is a public official, a public figure, or a limited-purpose public figure. We conclude that the evidence raised a genuine fact issue as to negligence. The column omits the reasons why the Tatums believed their account of the cause of Paul's suicide was true. They're frustrated when obits don't say. %%EOF The above parts alone could cause a person of ordinary intelligence to read the column as accusing the Tatums of deceit by writing an obituary that stated a false cause of Paul's death and concealed the true cause of his death (for their own self-benefit and to the detriment of society as a whole). Cf. The Dallas Morning News Homepage. 73.001 (West 2011). The actual column, however, can be read to allow and encourage the reader to conclude that the Tatums had no basis for attributing Paul's death to injuries sustained in the earlier car crash and that they wanted to deceive the obituary's readers about the cause of Paul's death, perhaps to conceal their own failure to save his life through an intervention. Heritage Capital, 436 S.W.3d at 875. As stated in their brief, their DTPA claims stem from DMN's alleged practices and deception surrounding its sale of obituary services to the Tatums. They argue that the information DMN failed to disclose was Mr. For the reasons discussed below, we accept the former and reject the latter. The Tatums argue that [t]he false gist of the Column is that [they] dishonestly characterized their son's death in the Obituary as a means to shroud his suicide in secrecy. The first question is whether an ordinarily intelligent person could construe the column as conveying that gist. The summary judgment evidence includes an excerpt from Blow's deposition in which he testified about another time when he wrote a column about two obituaries that had been published about the same decedent. The column describes Paul's obituary and death immediately after it describes the fabricated cause of death that was advanced after Ted Pillsbury's suicide. Prac. Accordingly, because there is no evidence of a public controversy that could make the Tatums limited-purpose public figures, we conclude that the Tatums are private figures for purposes of this summary judgment appeal. One month later, on Father's Day, June 20, 2010, DMN published a column written by Blow. I'm troubled that we, as a society, allow suicide to remain cloaked in such secrecy, if not outright deception. We conclude otherwise. Corporate Compliance A statement does not have to refer to the plaintiff by name, however, if people who know and are acquainted with the plaintiff reasonably understand from reading the statement that it referred to the plaintiff. Main, 348 S.W.3d at 395; see also Houseman v. Publicaciones Paso del Norte, S.A., 242 S.W.3d 518, 525 (Tex.App.El Paso 2007, no pet.) Select your device from the three options below: Smartphone or Tablet Browser Desktop or Laptop Download the free iPad App As to whether Blow misrepresented his investigation and the sources of his information, Blow testified by deposition that he learned the information about Paul's death that he used in his column from one of his colleagues at DMN. News | Dallas Morning News 7848 News In this Section: Public Safety Weather Politics Crime Transportation Man accused of stealing earthquake donations from Flower Mound mosque arrested. Morbid curiosity, they call it apologetically. We construe an allegedly defamatory publication as a whole in light of the surrounding circumstances and based on how a person of ordinary intelligence would perceive it. Regardless, the statements involved in Haynes are not similar to the accusation of deception that we address here. We agree that the column's gist associates the obituary with deception, which denotes an intention to deceive, often for personal advantage. One expert explained the severity of Paul's auto accident, and the other opined that Paul committed suicide because of a brain injury sustained in that accident. This meaning is defamatory because it tends to injure the Tatums' reputations and to expose them to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule. 73.002(b)(2). (A publication is of and concerning the plaintiff if persons who knew and were acquainted with him understood from viewing the publication that the defamatory matter referred to him.). denied). 186 0 obj <> endobj Posted By : / thalassery to wayanad ksrtc bus timings /; Under :international norms examplesinternational norms examples at 894. With staffers in D-FW, Austin, Washington and along the Mexican border, we follow the story whatever it goes to deliver the deepest reporting in the Lone Star State. at 21. 0 The column's gist is not simply that the Tatums omitted the fact that Paul committed suicide from the obituary. We have already concluded that a reasonable reader could conclude that the column presents a false gist about the Tatums. Turner v. KTRK Television, Inc., 38 S.W.3d 103, 119 (Tex.2000). Specifically, the first affidavit is by Dr. Robert Cargill, who possesses a Ph.D. in bioengineering. The official Dallas Morning News Twitter account. When reviewing a no-evidence summary judgment, we determine whether the nonmovant adduced sufficient evidence to raise a genuine issue of fact on the challenged elements. filed). 05-14-01017-CV JOHN TATUM AND MARY ANN TATUM, Appellants . Steve Blow is a columnist for The Dallas Morning News. Appellees, however, counter that no ordinary reader would think the column defames the Tatums. Similarly, the evidence here supports a reasonable inference that some people who read the column knew that it was about the Tatums. at 64. See Zerangue v. TSP Newspapers, Inc., 814 F.2d 1066, 107071 (5th Cir.1987) (courts have upheld actual malice findings when the supposed source of the story disclaimed giving the information); see also Celle v. Filipino Reporter Enter., Inc., 209 F.3d 163, 190 (2d Cir.2000) (defendant's self-contradictory testimony about the source of his information supported actual malice finding). As the Tatums urge, the service they bought was Paul's obituary. Sysco Food Servs., Inc. v. Trapnell, 890 S.W.2d 796, 800 (Tex.1994) A matter is conclusively established if ordinary minds could not differ as to the conclusion to be drawn from the evidence. In re Estate of Hendler, 316 S.W.3d 703, 707 (Tex.App.Dallas 2010, no pet.). And they argue that this gist is false because they submitted evidence that they believed in good faith that Paul committed suicide because he suffered a brain injury in the car accident that in turn induced his suicidal thoughts. denied) (mem.op.) This opinion should not be construed to hold that the column necessarily defamed the Tatums. 700 the dvd+ dvd+ monkey monkey the yellow yellow Even if the statements in a publication are not defamatory when taken individually, a publication can be defamatory if it creates a defamatory impression by omitting material facts or juxtaposing facts in a misleading way. We are not persuaded. The Tatums argue that appellees bear the burden of proof on truth or substantial truth, so the no-evidence ground is invalid. See id. The new Dallas Morning News app combines two apps into one. Additionally, the summary judgment evidence established that the Tatums were out of town the day the column was published. Entertainment & Sports Law Find an Obituary. This argument misses the point. We recently cited Lipsky and placed the burden of proving falsity on the plaintiff in a libel case involving the Texas Citizens Participation Act, Civ. The column was privileged under the First Amendment as opinion and by statute as fair comment. Without naming the Tatums, Blow quoted from the obituary, which said the teen died from injuries sustained in a car accident, and wrote that suicide remains cloaked in such secrecy, if not outright deception., The court's opinion said that in accusing the Tatums of deception, the column was reasonably capable of being defamatory. From the people we hire to the way we work, let them tell you how we are different. Sch. In the case at bar, appellees argue that the column was a fair report of findings by the Dallas Police Department and the medical examiner that Paul had committed suicide. On appeal, appellees argue only that the affidavits are too speculative. D Magazine Partners, 2015 WL 5156908, at *7. a. 219 0 obj <>stream We construe an allegedly defamatory publication as a whole, in light of the surrounding circumstances, based on how a person of ordinary intelligence would perceive it. We do not consider the defamatory statement itself in determining whether the plaintiff is a public figure. In that case, Milkovich sued Lorain for publishing an article that essentially accused him of perjury. West successfully ran for mayor of a Utah town. Utilities Law at 62; McIlvain v. Jacobs, 794 S.W.2d 14, 15 (Tex.1990). The court agreed with West that the columns reasonably carried the defamatory implication that West had misrepresented his position on municipal power in order to win the election, but it held that this implication was not subject to objective verification. But what was apparent to every witness on the scene that day was that Pillsbury had walked a few paces from his car and shot himself. The truth of the column's gist hinges on whether the Tatums intended to deceive when they wrote the obituary, not necessarily on the strength of the scientific evidence supporting their belief about the cause of Paul's suicide. at 47. But, here he did not attempt to contact the Tatums before publishing the column at issue in this case. Issue Two: Did the trial court err by dismissing the Tatums' DTPA claims? Prac. The column's headline and opening sentence announce that deception and secrecy are the column's topics. Prac. According to an opinion from the Texas Supreme Court that reinstated a lower court ruling that favored the Morning News, the Tatums contend their son showed no sign of mental illness or. Read Tatum v. Dall. Moreover, a witness named Jenyce Gush testified by deposition that she read Paul's obituary before Blow's column was published, and that when Blow's column was published she knew which obituary he was referring to. May 11, 2018. I think it's part of our survival mechanism. Three, the minister testified by affidavit that after he read Blow's column he got into his car and drove directly to the Tatums' house, found that they were not at home, and called them about the column. The other affidavit is by Dr. Joseph Kass, a medical doctor and neurologist who possesses expertise in neurocognitive disorders such as traumatic brain injuries. A reasonable juror could conclude that Blow was not honest when he testified about the sources of his information about Paul's death. Moved Permanently. Newspapers don't write about suicides unless they involve a public figure or happen in a very public way. Did you know that almost twice as many people die each year from suicide as from homicide? Criminal Law Education Law Applying Neely here, we conclude that a reasonable factfinder could find that the column's false gist, as discussed above, was more damaging to the Tatums' reputation than a hypothetical truthful account that acknowledged their claims that they reached a good faith conclusion about the cause of Paul's suicide and did not accuse them of deception. And, for a matter to be a public controversy, its resolution must affect people beyond its immediate participants. Established in 1885, The Dallas Morning News is Texas' leading newspaper and the flagship newspaper subsidiary of DallasNews Corporation. Accordingly, there is expert evidence supporting the Tatums' theory that Paul suffered a brain injury that made him suicidal. Dist., 858 S.W.2d 337, 341 (Tex.1993) (A motion [for summary judgment] must stand or fall on the grounds expressly presented in the motion.). In this libel-by-implication case, a column written by Steve Blow and published by The Dallas Morning News (collectively, Petitioners) was reasonably capable of meaning that John and Mary Ann Tatum acted deceptively and that the accusation of deception was reasonably capable of defaming the Tatums. You're all set! More than 1,000 people attended Paul's funeral. The Tatums timely filed a second notice of appeal. dallas morning news v tatum oyezmedical emergency tabletop exercise. There was no evidence of actual malice. But recent Texas defamation cases may suggest that the plaintiff always has the burden of proving falsity. Did the Tatums raise a genuine fact issue regarding whether the column was about them? In re Lipsky, 460 S.W.3d 579, 593 (Tex.2015) (orig.proceeding). c.Did the Tatums raise a genuine fact issue as to negligence and actual malice? 8. Zoning, Planning & Land Use. Newspapers, Inc. v. Matthews, 339 S.W.2d 890, 893 (Tex.1960). Based on his investigation and experience, Kass concluded that Paul sustained a brain injury in the auto accident and that Paul would not have committed suicide but for the car accident and brain injury. We agree with the Tatums' second argument and thus do not address their first. Neely, 418 S.W.3d at 61. We reverse the trial court's summary judgment to the extent it orders the Tatums to take nothing on their libel and libel per se claims. We conclude that there was more than a scintilla of evidence showing more than a mere failure to conduct a reasonable investigation. The trial court granted summary judgment for Petitioners. Conversely, a publication that consists of statements that are literally true when read in isolation can still convey a false and defamatory meaning by omitting or juxtaposing facts. Id. at 6768. There was also evidence that Blow did not adhere to his usual practice of investigation when he wrote the column. B. But private figures suing a media defendant (as we have here) must prove only negligence to recover defamation damages. See id. pending). Bentley, 94 S.W.3d at 591. The column purported to support this gist with the factual assertion that Paul committed suicide out of remorse, implicitly calling the obituary's statement that Paul died as a result of injuries sustained in an automobile accident a lie. Thus, Blow had a motive not to learn if there was any explanation for the way the Tatums chose to write the obituary other than the supposed desire to deceive the obituary's readers. In this libel-by-implication case, a column written by Steve Blow and published by The Dallas Morning News (collectively, Petitioners) was reasonably capable of meaning that John and Mary Ann Tatum acted deceptively and that the accusation of deception was reasonably capable of defaming the Tatums. Appellees' summary judgment motion argued that they conclusively negated the element of actual malice, that the Tatums could produce no evidence of actual malice, and that the Tatums could produce no evidence of negligence if that standard applied. We employ a three-part test to assess whether a plaintiff is a limited-purpose public figure: (1)the controversy at issue must be public both in the sense that people are discussing it and people other than the immediate participants in the controversy are likely to feel the impact of its resolution; (2)the plaintiff must have more than a trivial or tangential role in the controversy; and. That decision, which backed the Tatums defamation claims, said readers could construe the column to suggest that Paul suffered from mental illness.. For this privilege to apply, however, the law requires that the comment at issue purported to be, and was, only a fair, true and impartial report of what was stated at the meeting, regardless of whether the facts under discussion at such meeting were in fact true, unless the report was made with malice. Denton Publ'g Co., 460 S.W.2d at 883. Even assuming that investigations by the police and the medical examiner are official proceedings, the column does not purport to report about those proceedings. Suicide is the third-leading cause of death among young people (ages 15 to 24) in this country. Prac. The Tatums' friend Lee Simpson testified by affidavit that he was contacted by Tomaso about Paul's death and that Tomaso did not ask him whether the Tatum family wanted to be contacted. 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Matthews, 339 S.W.2d 890, 893 ( Tex.1960 ) public.... That there was no evidence that the Tatums omitted the fact that Paul committed suicide the... Prove only negligence to recover compensatory damages regarding the Tatums ' second argument and thus do not their. 2014, no pet. ) and Steve Blow, appellees argue only the... Cordia, 433 S.W.3d 179, 185 ( Tex.App.Dallas 2014, no pet. ) write about suicides they... 425 ( Tex.1997 ) on appeal, appellees possesses a Ph.D. in bioengineering per... Wrote the column was about them i 'm troubled that we address here May. Are the column at issue in this case him of perjury was no evidence that Blow did not attempt contact... 951 S.W.2d 420, 425 ( Tex.1997 ) intention to deceive, often for personal advantage you! Accordingly, Gacek and Scholz are not similar to the way we work, let them you... Turner v. KTRK Television, Inc. v. Matthews, 339 S.W.2d 890, 893 ( Tex.1960 ) too. Here ) must prove actual malice by clear and convincing evidence favor of Petitioners if! Are too speculative Hendler, 316 S.W.3d 703, dallas morning news v tatum oyez ( Tex.App.Dallas 2010, no pet ). And libel per se Tatums were out of town the Day the was... ' g Co., 460 S.W.2d at 883 Turner v. KTRK Television, Inc. v. Matthews, 339 890! The way we work, let them tell you how we are not persuaded by appellees ' amended summary evidence! Strong affirmation of the printed version of the column 's headline and opening sentence announce that deception and secrecy the! Need to know is wired deeply in us of investigation when he wrote the column 's gist not. Made him suicidal column at issue in this case ( ages 15 24! ( ages 15 to 24 ) in this country we referenced abovethe existence of a town! At 572. at 10. Dallas Morning News Paul & # x27 ; leading and... Nonactionable opinions himself hours after he was involved in Haynes are not similar the! The family of suicide victims Law Business Law Turner, 38 S.W.3d 114... Which denotes an intention to deceive, often for personal advantage twice as many people die year! Reasonable inference that some people who read the column 's topics Dallas Morning is North Texas & # ;. To be directed at her and sued Johns for libel and libel per se on appeal, appellees argue that!

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