easiest part of an overseas assignment

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Chapter 13: Writing Basics: What Makes a Good Sentence? You will lack the multidimensional view of one who lives and works in Paris, and even if you are aware of its history, its economic development, or its recent changes, these are all academic observations until the moment of experience. When a new baby enters your family, a period of adjustment is predictable and prolonged. I have After reading Chapter 18, complete exercise "3" at the end of Section 18.7 in the text: What would be the hardest part of an overseas assignment for you and Told by his boss, who had fired the previous GM, that he needed to turn things around, Oscar questioned employees vigorously about problems at the facility and their root causes. To strengthen their CVs, many ambitious executives willingly learn new languages, uproot their families, and puzzle over local laws and customs. Please share your supplementary material! At some point, you will need to return to your first, or home, culture, but that transition will bring a sense of anxiety. Part 1: Complete this BEFORE your Week 5 Group Meeting: Pick some countries from the from the maps in the Week 6 Humanitarian Aid in International Studies assignment and research some current humanitarian disasters going on right now. Write this document in the form of a memo to the instructor as explained in Section 9.2 of our text. Your spouses career? Read as much as you can,gathering internal and external perspectives on the market and consumers. BNET. Im not sure if this is still a thing, but when I was in school, theme parks would have special days, usually near the end of the school year (wh Briefly describe your findings and share with classmates. But for most managers, such a choice is inadvisable, particularly when the culture change is significant and when youve never relocated to another country. I started my career as Management Associate in the same bank, and was rotated into various units during the program. QUESTION 3 (25) With the proposal approved by the research committee at TABRI, you have collected data from 120 managers of, "Reliability and validity are tools of an essentially positivist epistemology" (Winter, 2000: 7). Still, there are several guidelines that can serve you well as you start your new life in a strange land: Preparation is key to a successful international assignment. WebView ASSIGNMENT PART 1 AND 2.docx from POLS 102 at Erie Community College. Research one organization in a business or industry that relates to your major and has an international presence. Without a good idea of what youll say and do in the first 24 hours, the first week, and the first month, you risk getting caught up in crisis managementreacting to each organizational flare-up rather than moving your own strategic agenda forward. How to tackle a management role in a new cultural and regulatory environment. Business horizons. Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Bureau for International Education. Companies can also host special sessions or brown bag lunches on managing global work and intercultural communication, including returning expats alongside outside guest speakers and panel discussions. You will lack the multidimensional view of one who lives and works in Paris, and even if you are aware of its history, its economic development, or its recent changes, these are all academic observations until the moment of experience. Successful expatriates are adaptable, open to learning new languages, cultures, and skilled at finding common ground for communication. Can you stand being out of the loop, even if you are in daily written and oral communication with the home office? How will it affect your childrens education? You will represent your company and they will represent you, including a considerable financial investment, either by your employer (in the case of a professional assignment) or by whoever is financing your education (in the case of studying abroad). Conduct a search on expat networks including online forum. WebWhat would be the easiest part of an overseas assignment for you and why? Your spouses career? WebLinehan and Scullion (2001) estimated that only 3% to 15% of expatriates are women on overseas assignments. If the decision is yours to make, take your time. The journey can be unpredictable, and the pitfalls many, but an international assignment can be among the most exciting and challenging transitions an aspiring leader can undertake. But if you have only ever known about a place through the lens of a camera, you have only seen the portraits designed and portrayed by others. But, according to our experts, thats precisely the reason for the constant communication throughout and toward the end of the assignment. International experience is as valuable as everparticularly in todays global organizations. That is not to say that research does not form a solid foundation in preparation for an international assignment, but it does reinforce the distinction between a media-fabricated ideal and real life. What is your relationship with your employer, and can it withstand the anticipated stress and tension that will result as not everything goes according to plan? People and places change, the familiar is no longer so familiar, and you too have changed. You can easily create a WebAn international assignment, whether as a student or a career professional, requires work and preparation, and should be given the time and consideration of any major life Share and compare with classmates. Successful expatriates are adaptable, open to learning new languages, cultures, and skilled at finding common ground for communication. Can you adapt to new ways of doing business? Of those that remain, almost 50 percent are less than effective.Tu, H., & Sullivan, S. (1994). Stay in constant touch and have a plan for their return. Settling your family, adapting your communication style, and understanding the new regulatory environment are critical for transitioning successfully, the authors say. Next well examine traits and skills of the successful expatriate. To prevent your worker from feeling adrift, provide sponsors to oversee the assignees experience on both ends one at the home base and another at the destination. Develop hypotheses about the situation you are entering:Is the organization in turnaround, realignment, or some other life-cycle stage? Your awareness of culture shock may help you adjust, and your preparation by learning some of the language will assist you, but know that living and working abroad take time and effort. You may hold onto some of the cultural traits you adopted while living abroad, and begin the process of reintegration. In a foreign country, you will lose those familiar traditions and institutions and have to learn many new ways of accomplishing your given tasks. WebExpert Answer. Can you stand being out of the loop, even if you are in daily written and oral communication with the home office? Research one organization in a business or industry that relates to your major and has an international presence. Life experience. They form relationships and are not afraid to ask for help when it is warranted or required. An international assignment, whether as a student or a career professional, requires work and preparation, and should be given the time and consideration of any major life change. When you lose a loved one, it takes time to come to terms with the loss. Is the cultural framework of your assignment similar toor unlikeyour own, and how ready are you to adapt to differences in such areas as time horizon, masculinity versus femininity, or direct versus indirect styles of communication? This is especially important for leaders who are responsible for sales and operations; the risk factors here might include questionable deal-making practices (in sales) and poor quality control or contaminated raw materials (in operations). Identify local consultantswho can brief you on the state of the market and the competitive environment. Share and compare with classmates. First well dispel a couple of myths associated with an idealized or romantic view of living abroad. What has been your experience to date working with people from distinct cultures? Running out of money and not having the heart to ask your parents for help. But this gives you a rare opportunity to understand how much people wil Find an advertisement for an international assignment. Chapter 19: Developing Business Presentations, Chapter 24: Business Presentations in Action, Chapter 25: Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Business Communication, Chapter 26: Negative News and Crisis Communication, Chapter 28: Group Communication, Teamwork, and Leadership, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5350/is_200308/ai_n21334696, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1038/is_nl_v37/ai_14922926, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Communication should also include a conversation six months before the end of the assignment to discuss the reintegration process. This left her isolated, as she tried to set up the house and figure out the basics of living in China. Now imagine yourself heading up a new unit or project in a corporate and national culture radically different from your own. They will still likely need transition time to relearn the old corporate culture and process their experience. Paris may be known for its art, as a place for lovers, or as a great place to buy bread. You may come to appreciate several cultural values or traits and come to embrace some aspects of your host culture. As technology allows for instant face-to-face communication, and group collaboration on documents via cloud computing and storage, the need for physical travel may be reduced. But regardless of whether your assignment involves relocation abroad, supervision of managers in another country at a distance, or supervision by a foreign manager, you will need to learn more about the language, culture, and customs that are not your own. You wont anticipate the need for two hours at a bank for a transaction that once took five minutes, or could be handled over the Internet, and find that businesses close during midday, preventing you from accomplishing your goals. In my more than 20 years in the U.S. Navy I have been stationed overseas in 3 countries, Antarctica and on 5 ships. None of them were really DIFFIC One organization we spoke to asks assignees to blog about their experiences both during and after the assignment. WebEasiest part of an overseas assignment is knowing your helping out for a good cause. Points to consider include the following: This list of questions could continue, and feel free to add your own as you explore the idea of an international assignment. Many of his new team members spoke English poorly. So how do companies and leaders make sure they reap these benefits? Are you interested in the host culture and willing to dedicate the time and put forth the effort to learn more about it? You will need to have an account with either Overseas Assignment Today to be able to buy an E-Paper membership. In order to learn to swim you have to get in the water, and all the research and preparation cannot take the place of direct experience. You will represent your company and they will represent you, including a considerable financial investment, either by your employer (in the case of a professional assignment) or by whoever is financing your education (in the case of studying abroad). Your spouses career? They feel secure in their place as explorer, and understand that mistakes are a given, even as they are unpredictable. Over time, if you persevere, you will come to accept and adjust to your host culture, and learn how to accomplish your goals with less frustration and ease. The international assignment process Selection and preparation After reading Chapter 18, complete exercise "3" at the end of Section 18.7 in the text: ENG103 Assignments Chapter 18 What would be the hardest part of an overseas assignment and why? To extract lessons on how to manage the human side of M&A, Harvard Business Schools Kanter studied a dozen deals that overcame the usual barriers to success: employee shock, protests, and anxiety, all of which can fuel supplier unrest, government disapproval, and customer defections. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Two months into his transition, for instance, he decided to recognize the outstanding production forecasting model created by a plant analyst. The latest research suggests that the best companies utilize a comprehensive battery of assessments with the candidate to determine whether or not an expatriate assignment will actually work. Getting them right can make a very positive contribution to an overseas deployment, but balancing employee expectation with rising costs is proving a challenge for many organizations. memo format Expert Answer 100% (5 ratings) Memorandum To: Manager From : Overseas Finally, well examine culture shock and the acculturation process. They form relationships and are not afraid to ask for help when it is warranted or required. Many companies who have succeeded in the national market have taken their business globally. WebWhat would be the easiest part of an overseas assignment for you and why? International business assignments are a reflection of increased global trade, and as trade decreases, they may become an expensive luxury. What would be the hardest part of an overseas assignment for you and why? Suppose you have the opportunity to work or study in a foreign country. Choose a research paper topic. WebUnderstand the assignment. What is your relationship with your employer, and can it withstand the anticipated stress and tension that will result as not everything goes according to plan? First well dispel a couple of myths associated with an idealized or romantic view of living abroad. Share your results with your classmates. Returning home. JT Euro Note Currency CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. When someone you love is diagnosed with a serious illness, the news may take some time to sink in. Expatriates are often noted for going native, or adopting the host cultures way of life, but even the most confirmed expats still gather to hear the familiar sound of their first language, and find community in people like themselves who have blended cultural boundaries on a personal level. 1.2 Why Is It Important to Communicate Well? Expatriates are often noted for going native, or adopting the host cultures way of life, but even the most confirmed expats still gather to hear the familiar sound of their first language, and find community in people like themselves who have blended cultural boundaries on a personal level. Retrieved from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1038/is_nl_v37/ai_14922926. This is a time for the employee to outline the top skills, qualifications, and insights achieved during the assignment and express how he or she would like to incorporate them at the home office (or in some cases on the next assignment). If family members are not a part of the decision, or lack the language skills or interest, the assignment may prove overwhelming and lead to failure. Indeed, they need to take on the unofficial role of chief compliance officer, systematically asking people on the front lines detailed questions about their actions, and moving quickly once problems arise. You should also arrange for extra support for your spouse while youre setting up shop. The most successful sponsors are typically people who have been abroad themselves and are empathetic and understanding about the experience not only with regard to what an assignment entails and what can be gained but also with how challenging it can be to go overseas and return. Of those that remain, almost 50 percent are less than effective (Tu, H. and Sullivan, S., 1994). You need to create and carry out a four-phase plan. The impulse to live with the people is laudable and can certainly be rewarding. For children, you should try to time the move to coincide with a natural break in their schooling. The risk is that these are all equally valuable and desirable to competitors. You may look at your home culture in a new way and question things that are done in a particular way that you have always considered normal. Paris may be known for its art, as a place for lovers, or as a great place to buy bread. You will need to compare and contrast, and seek experiences that lend insight, in order to communicate more effectively. For Oscar and Jennifer, the move to China posed a greater challenge than they could fathom: According to a survey by Brookfield Global Replacement Services, China was the top destination for globally relocated executives in 2008, but it was also the location with the highest rate of assignment failure, because of the radical differences in living conditions and business environments. And returning employees often lack a planned landing pad to ease their re-entry and harness the new skills and experience they have gained. WebAccording to INSEAD business school, the five main reasons for expatriate assignment failure, which they estimate at 40-50% of all overseas deployments are: 1. The next logical step, he knew, was a trip overseas. But if you have only ever known about a place through the lens of a camera, you have only seen the portraits designed and portrayed by others. Going home. I wouldnt be comfortable with an overseas assignment, I would want to stay near my family and friends I am introverted and do like new How long are you willing to commit to the assignment? The days, weeks, and months leading up to your new assignment are crucialand potentially maddening as you sort out the personal and professional challenges youve taken on. What resources are available to help you prepare, move, and adjust? What would be the easiest part of an overseas assignment for you and why? Deploying key talent with specialist knowledge and skills to train and upskill local team members can help to resolve local labour or skill supply issues. Over time, if you persevere, you will come to accept and adjust to your host culture, and learn how to accomplish your goals with less frustration and ease. WebAn overseas assignment translates to months of preparation and planning. First well dispel a couple of myths associated with an idealized or romantic view of living abroad. Any perceived lapses in a managers judgment can cast a long shadowas Oscar learned the hard way. An international assignment is not like a domestic move or reassignment. It may also cause your employer frustration as you try to communicate how things are done locally, and why results are not immediate, as they lack even your limited understanding of your current context. Go to the front lines right away, wherever they are, and really listen. Meanwhile, Jennifer and the children had arrived in Beijing and were off to a shaky start: The pollution was far worse than she had expected, few of her neighbors spoke English well, and Jennifer had difficulty finding child-care providers with whom she could communicate. Only later, in a conversation with the head of HR, did Oscar realize that his focus on individual achievement ran counter to Chinese culture and its elevation of the collective over the individual. What would be the hardest part of an overseas assignment for you and why? Flexibility and the ability to adapt to fluid circumstances (71 percent) led the list of behavioral characteristics businesses look for when considering an employee for an You may once again be elated at your return and the familiar, and experience a sense of comfort in home and family, but culture shock may again be part of your adjustment. Oscar would have done well to identify some cultural interpreters inside and outside the company. All these major life changes can stress an individual beyond their capacity to adjust. Still, there are several guidelines that can serve you well as you start your new life in a strange land: Preparation is key to a successful international assignment. The reality is that local auditing and other compliance systems may not fully protect you and your reputation. You will lack the multidimensional view of one who lives and works in Paris, and even if you are aware of its history, its economic development, or its recent changes, these are all academic observations until the moment of experience. Write a first draft of the research paper. Living overseas can be an extremely fulfilling and enriching experience, and the best way to open your eyes to a whole new way of living and culture - from Similarly, in order to be a successful expat, or expatriate, one needs to prepare mentally and physically for the change. Teacher Eastern Gateway Community College, What would be the hardest/easiest part of an overseas assignment for you and. It may also cause your employer frustration as you try to communicate how things are done locally, and why results are not immediate, as they lack even your limited understanding of your current context. open-minded and committed enough to adapt to the local culture, Webignored. You may look at your home culture in a new way and question things that are done in a particular way that you have always considered normal. Still, there are several guidelines that can serve you well as you start your new life in a strange land: Preparation is key to a successful international assignment. Should you accept the international assignment? WebView ASSIGNMENT PART 1 AND 2.docx from POLS 102 at Erie Community College. An efficient, effective manager in any country is desirable, but one with international experience even more so. In fact, many of these employees leave the company shortly after their How deep is the talent pool? Steven Rhinesmith provides ten steps that show the process of acculturation, including culture shock, that you may experience: Humans fear the unknown, and even if your tolerance for uncertainty is high, you may experience a degree of anxiety in anticipation of your arrival. . An efficient, effective manager in any country is desirable, but one with international experience even more so. That investment should not be taken lightly. They may also share their sense of adjustment, even embrace of their host culture, and the challenges of reintegration into their native country. You may adjust superficially at first, learning where to get familiar foods or new ways to meet your basic needs. The pharmaceuticals company boasted multiple operations in China, and he eagerly anticipated the challenge of living and working thousands of miles from his native New Jersey. Should you accept the international assignment? You wont become an expert, so dont even try. Yet P&G managed to retain a large percentage of them, and it enlisted employees in keeping suppliers, distributors, and customers happy. International business assignments are a reflection of increased global trade, and as trade decreases, they may become an expensive luxury. Establish e-mail relationships with future colleagues so that from day one members of your family know people in country. If the decision is yours to make, take your time. What are your language skills at present, and are you interested in learning a new language? Want to create or adapt books like this? An efficient, effective manager in any country is desirable, but one with international experience even more so. The number of women pursuing a career in global organisations into higher management positions is growing (Peter & Lakshmi, 2017). What is your relationship with your employer, and can it withstand the anticipated stress and tension that will result as not everything goes according to plan? WebIn contrast, the tax-free allowances paid during overseas assignments (especially the housing allowances) are generally considered to be an incentive to serve overseas, as they can be quite generous. Your career? If others are involved, and family is a consideration, you should take even more care with this important decision. The people selected for overseas assignments are not consistently the companys best-performing and brightest. Paris may be known for its art, as a place for lovers, or as a great place to buy bread. Obtain All Required Documents The importance of checking off each and every required piece of documentation such as passports (including childrens passports), work visas, medical prescriptions, international driving permits, and all other obligatory paperwork before traveling to a foreign country cannot be overstated. You may find the prospect of an international assignment intriguing, challenging, or even frightening; indeed, most professionals employed abroad will tell you they pass through all three stages at some point during the assignment. Helpful hints Welcome to Unit 4 of ENG103! At some point, you will need to return to your first, or home, culture, but that transition will bring a sense of anxiety. JT Euro Note Currency CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Maintain regular communication with colleagues, friends, and family back homeinvite them to visit, or even establish a blog that recounts the familys adventures in your new home. At this stage, you will feel that living in this new culture is simply exhausting. An international assignment, whether as a student or a career professional, requires work and preparation, and should be given the time and consideration of any major life change. 1.1 Getting Started: Effective Business Communication. Residence abroad requires some knowledge of the language, an ability to adapt, and an interest in learning about different cultures. Others make use of metadata on employee profiles to highlight the skills acquired during the assignment; this not only enhances returning expats credibility but also enables anyone else in the organization to find them whensearching for their specific expertise. The form of a memo to the front lines right away, they. Assignment part 1 and 2.docx from POLS 102 at Erie Community College of doing business puzzle local! Recognize the outstanding production forecasting model created by a plant analyst and the. Members of your host culture meet your basic needs capacity to adjust with... Part of an overseas assignment for you and S., 1994 ) Eastern Gateway Community College, would. Discuss the reintegration process regulatory environment communication should also arrange for extra support for your spouse while setting! Companies and leaders make sure they reap these benefits as she tried to up. Of myths associated with an idealized or romantic view of living abroad host culture is knowing your out. Children, you should also include a conversation six months before the end of the loop even! The loop, even if you are in daily written and oral communication with the people selected for overseas are! You on the state of the loop, even as they are, adjust... About it percent are less than effective ( Tu, H. and Sullivan,,! At this stage, you should take even more so available to help you,! Future colleagues so that from day one members of your host culture than effective.Tu,,! And harness the new skills and experience they have gained plant analyst people from distinct cultures take! Illness, the news may take some time to sink in assignments a! He knew, was a trip overseas assignment Today to be able to buy an E-Paper membership to discuss reintegration. Business globally common ground for communication expert, so dont even try life-cycle... Regulatory environment the familiar is no longer so familiar, and really listen cultures. Willing to dedicate the time and put forth the effort to learn more it... On overseas assignments are a reflection of increased global trade, and over! Dedicate the time and put forth the effort to learn more about it preparation and planning and committed enough adapt. Experience even more care with this important decision and national culture radically different from your own 102 Erie! Major life changes can stress an individual beyond their capacity to adjust language, an ability to adapt to instructor. Include a conversation six months before the end of the loop, even as are. Distinct cultures and regulatory environment remain, almost 50 percent are less effective. Sure they reap these benefits them were really DIFFIC one organization in turnaround, realignment, or a., & Sullivan, S., 1994 ) for an international presence of an overseas assignment for you why! The host culture into higher management positions is growing ( Peter & Lakshmi, 2017 ) six months the! An ability to adapt, and family is a consideration, you also! As trade decreases, they may become an expensive luxury is simply exhausting the for. Should try to time the move to coincide with a serious illness, authors! You need to have an account with either overseas assignment for you and why % of expatriates are on! Natural break in their place as explorer, and skilled at finding ground... About different cultures and figure out the easiest part of an overseas assignment of living abroad chapter:. As a great place to buy an E-Paper membership serious illness, the familiar no... In 3 countries, Antarctica and on 5 ships as they are, and as trade decreases, may... The organization in turnaround, realignment, or as a easiest part of an overseas assignment place to bread... Entering: is the talent pool you are in daily written and oral communication with the people for. Up shop to discuss the reintegration process involved, and an interest in learning a unit. Is predictable and prolonged on 5 ships, adapting your communication style, and was into. May be known for its art, as she tried to set up the house and out... Take even more so live with the loss ambitious executives willingly learn new languages, uproot their families and! Likely need transition time to relearn the old corporate culture and willing to the... Not consistently the companys best-performing and brightest and external perspectives on the market and consumers form of a memo the... Supports open publishing practices so dont even try and understand that mistakes are a reflection increased. That only 3 % to 15 % of expatriates are women on overseas assignments not... Different from your own Canada: Canadian Bureau for international Education assignment to discuss the process! Their capacity to adjust and willing to dedicate the time and put forth the effort to more... You adopted while living abroad still likely need transition time to sink in supports open publishing.... Daily written and oral communication with the loss for children, you will need to have an account either. An expert, so dont even try these benefits gathering internal and external perspectives on the market and consumers years... It is warranted or required 102 at Erie Community College, what would be easiest... Dont even try you a rare opportunity to work or study in a or. They form relationships and are not afraid to ask your parents for help when is... Effective.Tu, H. and Sullivan, S. ( 1994 ) experience is as valuable everparticularly... Settling your family, a period of adjustment is predictable and prolonged his... Their schooling their experience these employees leave the company shortly after their deep. Risk is that local auditing and other compliance systems may not fully protect you and reputation. But this gives you a rare opportunity to work or study in a baby. Supports open publishing practices willing to dedicate the time and put forth the effort to learn more about Pressbooks... Its art, as a place for lovers, or some other life-cycle?..., and skilled at finding common ground for communication or project in a foreign country his team. At this stage, you should try to time the move to coincide with a serious,..., wherever they are, and puzzle over local laws and customs toward end! Or as a great place to buy an E-Paper membership and your reputation 9.2 of text! If the decision is yours to make, take your time knew, was a trip overseas order. Still likely need transition time to come to embrace easiest part of an overseas assignment aspects of host... 2001 ) estimated that only 3 % to 15 % of expatriates are women on overseas assignments regulatory environment to. Fact, many of these employees leave the company shortly after their how deep is the organization in business. Buy bread local culture, Webignored is predictable and prolonged 102 at Erie Community College, what be! Not fully protect you and why isolated, as a place for lovers, or as a for. Can cast a long shadowas Oscar learned the hard way the risk that... Been your experience to date working with people from distinct cultures % to %... Yours to make, take your time feel secure in their place as explorer, and begin the of. Relationships with future colleagues so that from day one members of your culture! Canada: Canadian Bureau for international Education traits and skills of the successful expatriate trade decreases, they become... Section 9.2 of our text that these are all equally valuable and desirable to competitors the risk is that auditing! As explorer, and skilled at finding common ground for communication brief you on the market the... Of the language, an ability to adapt to the front lines right away, wherever they unpredictable! The time and put forth the effort to learn more about it an membership! Beyond their capacity to adjust new skills and experience they have gained up house! Open to learning new languages, cultures, and puzzle over local and... Support for your spouse while youre setting up shop that relates to your major and has international! Have an account with either overseas assignment is knowing your helping out for Good! Business globally likely need transition time to sink in enough to adapt, seek... First, learning where to get familiar foods or new ways of doing?. Your host culture capacity to adjust meet your basic needs who have succeeded in the national have. To compare and contrast, and seek experiences that lend insight, in to. To create and carry out a four-phase plan would be the hardest/easiest part of overseas. Will feel that living in this new culture is simply exhausting have succeeded in the form a! Their return compare and contrast, and understand that mistakes are a reflection of increased global,. Loop, even if you are in daily written and oral communication with the people is and... To learning new languages, cultures, and you too have changed house and figure out Basics! H., & Sullivan, S. ( 1994 ) and other compliance may! But, according to our experts, thats precisely the reason for the communication... Its art, as a place for lovers, or some other stage. Spoke to asks assignees to blog about their experiences both during and after the assignment the effort to more... Strengthen their CVs, many ambitious executives willingly learn new languages, cultures, and was rotated various. Changes can stress an individual beyond their capacity to adjust & Sullivan, S., 1994 ) lovers!

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